In some parts of Nepal, Dalits are … In Nepal, group of caste … Nepal has been since long known as a multi-ethnic, multilingual and multicultural country. According to National census of 2001 its population is 635,751. “The lowest caste is that of Chyamkhalak, since (its members) take food left over by all other castes, from Upadhyaya to Pode,” begins the 1854 Muluki Ain law on untouchability, which then goes on to define the various ritualistic food pollutions that are at the crux of caste hierarchies in Nepal. Kumari is a pre-pubescent girl chosen from the Shakya or Bajracharya caste of Newari community of Nepal. Specifically, Brahmin and Chhetri (Indo-Aryan) have advantages. The Caste Hierarchy and the State in Nepal: A Study of the Muluki Ain of 1854, 1979. There are about 70 castes, Buddhist as well as Hindu, covering approximately the same spectrum as the caste system of India. Vihema sindura satasata garne —> jhangada #. The word ‘Kumari’, originally, comes from the Sanskrit word ‘Kaumarya’, which means a princess. Kshatriya… A caste is an elaborate and complex social system that combines elements of occupation, endogamy, culture, social class, tribe affiliation and political power. The actual … However the basics of it are as follows. People from Tibet those migrate to North of Nepal. That is to say, they all have four castes: Brahmin, Chhetri, Vaishya and Shudra. Hindu varna system highlights these castes as high castes and makes them favorable in higher social status due to favorable social norms, values, and laws. [4][5][6][7][8], Bahun and Chhetri castes form the historical topmost state elites' circle with the significant majority of leadership in executive, legislative, judicial, constitutional, local administrative bodies, bureaucracy, political parties and social organizations. Newars are one of the major castes of Nepal. The Nepali caste system is largely similar to that of India. [9], The population wise ranking of 125 Nepalese castes groups as per 2011 Nepal census. THE caste system is a classification of several hereditary groups of hierarchical social class. The negotiated end to this war forced King Gyanendra to abdicate in 2008. Das or Dash being 10 in Nepali, dashnami includes people having 10 last names (Surnames/family names). The Dalits live at the bottom of Nepal’s traditional social order, known as the caste system, a 2000-year-old Hindu custom that violates civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights by many international standards. Nepali was the national language and Sanskrit became a required school subject. Hindu is the dominant religion in Nepal with Buddhism also dominating portions of the ethnic groups. Language: Rai people speak their own mother language ‘Rai’. These various cultural groups belong to four distinct language groups: Maithili, Bajika, Bhojpuri, and Awadhi. Rai caste is one of listed ethnic group of Nepal. There are three major communities in Nepal's caste-oriented society -Khas, Newar and Maithil. follow this system. Hinduism is formed of diverse traditions and has no single founder. Since democracy was restored in 1990, however, the government has worked to improve the marginalization of these languages. Ida Lykke Jensen The Caste System in Nepal 17.01.2013 Zalla Mandozai - According to the youth 5. Daily Hours of Sun ShineTemperature (celcius in shade)Rain Fall. Mix all that with 103 distinct groups speaking 92 languages and it becomes vastly complicated in Nepal which unfortunately in turn gives power to certain influential people today. Pahari Hill Hindus of the Khas Gorkha tribe (Brahmin/Bahun and Chhetri castes) and the Newar ethnicity dominated the civil service, the judiciary and upper ranks of the army throughout the Shah regime (1768–2008). Based on words from Prithvi Narayan (founder of the Shah dynasty) there are 4 Varnas (main groups) and 36 castes in Nepal. Because of the Hindu subjugated law until 1990 it was vigorous in the society but …show more content… The caste system is a religious part (based on Hinduism) so it … Dalits are routinely denied access to religious sites, they face resistance to inter-caste marriages, refusal by non-Dalits to handle water touched by them and many other forms of discrimination. They are categorized by common culture and endogamy. Order in Paradox: Myth, Ritual and Exchange among Nepal's Tamang, 1989. Issues of ethnic and regional equity have tended to dominate the agenda of the new republican government and continue to be divisive. In this system, the … Various native ethnic groups inhabit scattered in many places of Nepal. In Nepal, as nearly everywhere in India, everyone knows what caste or ethnic group he or she belongs to (Gellner 2007:1823). in Nepal occurs in the Kathmandu valley during the reign of the Newari King Jayasthiti Malla (1380- 1394) where 64 different castes were allotted different tasks and ranks in the hierarchy. In 1962, a law was passed making it illegal to discriminate against other castes led all caste to be equally treated by the law. On the other hand, children who natively spoke local languages of the Madhesh and Hills, or Tibetan dialects prevailing in the high mountains were at a considerable disadvantage. The Tamang, Newar, Kami, Madheshi Muslims, Yadav, and Rai peoples collectively constitute around 25% of the Nepalese population. In newar community there are abt 67 different castes. It includes a set of beliefs, values, and practices based on the teachings of a spiritual leader. Caste discrimination is the shame of modern Nepal, and those are just a few examples. Rai people are mostly live in far Eastern part of Nepal. Progress has be… Members of a high caste enjoy more power, wealth and opportunities while members of a low caste perform menial jobs. Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of South Asia. Besides, there is a separate community consisting of tribes, the ethnic groups. The country is the homeland to 125 caste/ethnic groups, 123 languages and 10 religious groups.2 The total population of Nepal is 26,494,504.3 Among them, indigenous peoples (IPs) comprise 35.8 percent of the total population. Although Newars are low in numbers, their urban living habitat gives them a competitive advantage. Thus, Newars are at the top of the Human Development Index. This unsystematically and suddenly issued, indefinite lockdown by the Nepal Government has worsened the lives of so-called lower caste families. Most higher caste people are in positions of leadership, while Dalits are held back economically, socially, culturally and politically. Affirmative action or positive discrimination, known as reservation in India and Nepal, is the policy of favouring members of a disadvantaged group who suffer from discrimination within a culture. According to the 2001 national census, ninety two different living languages are spoken in Nepal (a ninety third category was "unspecified"). 12 Feb, 2016 in SOCIETY. List of ethnic caste-groups in Nepal by population. Over the last few weeks, I have seen many opinions on social websites and electronic media concerning the merits of reservation (affirmative action) for different caste or ethnic groups. Almost half of Nepal’s Dalits live below the poverty line. Certain racial groups are strictly denied rights or benefits, or receive preferential treatment. The Newar have a wide range of occupations. The population wise ranking … They are the indigenous people of the Kathmandu valley the and its surrounding areas in Nepal and the creators of its historic civilization. Ethnic groups in Nepal are a product of both the colonial and state-building eras of Nepal. Polluted. Newars are di­vided in­ter­nally into dis­tinct cul­tural groups of over 25 oc­cu­pa­tion… Like many countries, since March 24, 2020, Nepal has adopted a countrywide lockdown as a primary measure of controlling the transmission of COVID-19. Hinduism in Nepal. Later Ram Caste discrimination involves massive v Many Nepalis combine traditional practices with their religious worship; Hinduism and the practice of ‘puja’ is commonly intermingled with shamanism. Religion is a set of beliefs, symbols, and practices based on the idea of the sacred, that unites believers into a socio-religious community. They are politically and socially very well established in Nepal. The social structure of the caste-origin Tarai Hindu groups is complex, reflecting four Varna groups with distinct hierarchical structure within them. To be more specific in classification, Thagadhari, Matwali, Pani Nachalne Choichto Halnu Naparne and the Pani Nachalne Choichto Halnu Parne were created. In places where it continues, it not only dictates one's occupation, but dietary habits and interaction with members of other castes as well. [citation needed], Nepal's diverse linguistic heritage evolved from three major language groups: Indo-Aryan, Tibeto-Burman languages, and various indigenous language isolates. "Drafting the 1990 Constitution." A title of certain legislatures, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. Hinduism is often referred to as Sanatana Dharma (a Sanskrit phrase meaning "the eternal law") by its adherents. These are words that are used to describe a class of Nepalese people known as the Dalits. Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha ("the awakened one"). The CBS, 2001 recorded 43 caste-origin Hindu groups in … Answered March 9, 2016 Yes,Newar is not a single caste its a community, in newar communnity there are complete caste system. Influenced by Hindu caste systems and originating from Indo-Aryans. The caste system has played an influential role in Nepal’s social, economic, and political landscape. Untouchable. Within the Dalit community of Nepal, there are eight major caste groups and twenty-five identified sub-castes. Buddha was borned in Lumbini, Southern part of Nepal. Their life expectancy is lower than the national average, and so is their literacy rate. The caste system is divided into four folds which are Brahman (priests and scholars), Kshatriya (warriors), Vaisya (merchants and traders), and Sudra (laborers). It is originated in the form of a continuous process long before history began, as a myth. Holmberg, David. From a gender perspective, Newari women are the most literate and lead in every sector. The case of Newār is ex­cep­tional. Based upon the 2011 census, the major languages spoken in Nepal are Nepali , Maithili and Bhojpuri. Tribhuvan University began surveying and recording threatened languages in 2010 and the government intends to use this information to include more languages on the next Nepalese census.[3]. Nearly 6% of the total population of Nepal is occupied by the Tamangs. Feudalism was a set of political and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the ninth and fifteenth centuries. The Gorakha's are also Yadav's (but many of them have forgotten their Yadav lineage). The Newar population of Nepal was estimated to be about 1,250,000 in the early 21st century. Caste Guest Writer-September 11, 2020 0 Endogamous marriages are the ones that take place within a particular social group such as caste, clan, tribe, gotra, etc. Brahmin and Chhetri women have experienced less social and economic mobility compared to Newari women. The Nepalese caste system was therefore derived from this first Hindu version. Hinduism is formed of diverse traditions and has no single founder. The four Varnas in Nepal: 1. Iijima, Shigeru. Children who spoke Nepali natively and who were exposed to Sanskrit had much better chances of passing the national examinations at the end of high school, which meant they had better employment prospects and could continue into higher education. The Nepal Monitor, a Nepali human rights organisation, has recorded 26 cases of caste-based discrimination or violence so far this year. [2], Since Nepal's unification, various indigenous languages have come under threat of extinction as the government of Nepal has marginalized their use through strict policies designed to promote Nepali as the official language. Hinduism – the most widely followed religion in Nepal – has been particularly influential in Nepalese society, yet it can be interpreted in many different ways. Endogamy carves out ethnic groups in Nepal. Caste system was active until 1950 but Government of Nepal officially announced that caste system was illegal in Nepal in 1962. Brahmin– traditionally priests, scholars and educators 2. The Gorakha is derived from Go + Rakha or the protectors of Cows or keeper's of Cow's which implies to Yadav's. Impure. Among many such traditions, there exists one in which a young and living goddess is worshipped; Kumari. It is not a phenomenon of recent emergence. Size of various ethnic/caste groups in the total population was hardly known. It is a complex system which is defined by many elements such as birth right, ethnicity, occupation, power and financial status. The caste system was first introduced to Nepal by the Hindu caste groups, which migrated to Nepal around the 12 th to 15 th centuries. Semester 7 Section 9 contains the conclusion of the project, and gives an answer to the thesis statement based on the findings in the analysis and discussion. Holy water is water which has been sanctified by a priest or by making contact water with special metal (gold) for the purpose of blessing of persons, places, and objects; or as a means of repelling evil. There is similarity in the social structure of Khas, Newar and Maithil communities. Today, in Nepal 20% to 25% of their population consists of Yadav's. Today, even after the end of a 10-year-old Maoist conflict, the upper caste dominates every field in Nepal. This group pre­sents a com­pli­cated so­cial struc­ture, not only re­flect­ing the model of four Hindu varna cat­e­gories, but is also clearly di­vided into two dis­tinct re­li­gious groups: the Hindu and the Bud­dhist. Over the years, depending on the culture, the caste system has taken different meanings for different persons. In Michael Hutt, ed., Nepal in the Nineties, 1994. They are landless and much poorer than the dominant caste population. The caste system in Nepal, for example, is broadly similar to the caste system in India. Densely Rai populated district of Nepal are: Khotang, Solukhumbu, Bhojpur, Udaypur, Okhaldhunga. Specifically, Brahmin women experience less equality due to their predominately rural living conditions which deprives them of access to certain educational and healthcare benefits. Within the caste system in Nepal the leading group is called the Brahmin, then the Kshatri, the Vysys and the Shudra. Religion is the belief in a god or in a group of gods. It refers to a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe. Most of the Newar are Hindus, but some practice an Indian form of Buddhism. The groups are delineated using language, ethnic identity or the caste system in Nepal. Discrimination based on caste, as perceived by UNICEF, is prevalent mainly in parts of Asia (India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Japan) and Africa. They do have their own customs, traditions and culture. However caste prejudice continues in Nepal in many places. It is the […] He… Indigenous languages which have gone extinct or are critically threatened include Byangsi, Chonkha, and Longaba. This history of exclusion coupled with poor prospects for improvement created grievances that encouraged many in ethnic communities such as Madhesi, Tharu and Kham Magar to support the Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) and various other armed Maoist opposition groups such as the JTMM during and after the Nepalese Civil War. Hutt, Michael. [10][11][note 1][12], Teej celebrated by women of Khas community, Banras/Shakya Buddhist priests of Newar group, Children from isolated Danuwar ethnolinguistic group, Limbus playing traditional chyabrung, Ilam, Nepal, Senior offering Dashain Tika; a feature of Khas Parbattia community, Khas man of Nepal, as depicted in The People of India (1868-1875), List of ethnic caste-groups in Nepal by population, Pages 191/192 of the total pdf or pages 156/157 in the scanned material shows Nepalese castes/ethnic groups, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Unified Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist), "Economic and social structures that may explain the recent conflicts in the Terai of Nepal", "Population Monograph of Nepal Volume II (Social Demography)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ethnic_groups_in_Nepal&oldid=992945834, Articles needing additional references from March 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 7 December 2020, at 23:40. 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