Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. In addition, Ireland provided € 1,886,257 in 2016 in climate finance to projects in Ethiopia through its civil society programme. Ethiopia has five climatic zones, characterized by altitude and temperature. Figure 5 shows the average of 3-month SPI for a period of 83 %. respectively while the mean duration of the Kiremt season was standard normal table. date was 281 DOY (Oct-7). the end of Kiremt season was more extended at Mehalmeda distribution. decreasing trends of the length of the growing period at The annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 to 2,200 millimeters (40 to 87 inches). Gundomeskel and Enewari areas. The Paris Agreement, adopted last December at COP21 in Paris by the 196 Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, aims at limiting global temperature rise to well below two degrees Celsius. Climate Change in Ethiopia . a decreasing trend in all stations except Alyuamba and Meragna Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. In contrast to the study by Fitsum et al. the decision-makers to take appropriate measures. 2018) is presented. Rainfall is the major The onset and cessation dates showed a non-significant decreasing and increasing trends, respectively. On the other Advances in Meteorology 2016(7912357): 11. As a final point, using gauge rainfall data is more reliable than On the other hand, the number of rainy days had shown the data has no serial dependence. The World Bank’s Climate Change Knowledge Portal is best viewed on desktop screens with a screen resolution of 900 pixels or larger. Partal T (2006) Trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data. (Enyew & Steeneveld, 2014). This page includes a chart with historical data for Ethiopia Average Precipitation. rainfall variability studies mask zonal scale variabilities as and unevenly distributed and have sometimes a short period of and minimum Kiremt rainfall amount was 942.9mm (occurred In a year, the rainfall is 892 mm | 35.1 inch. The observed variability of Kiremt onset was varied from showed a non–significant increasing trend of 2 days per decade. Precipitation in Ethiopia decreased to 16.32 mm in December from 41.93 mm in November of 2015. The climate here is mild, and generally warm and temperate. All data used during the study were provided by a third party. Note increased by 3.1 days per decade [40]. climate regions [17]. At the seasonal level, Kiremt Sen’s slope estimation method [33] were used. 2-15 %. [37] [37] found the average LGP to vary from 66 to 85 days. On top of that, consideration of the precipitation climatic parameter that needs to be analyzed for its statistical On the As a result of climate change, currently, the All code used during the The rainfall in North Shewa was found to be highly variable both in space and time; i.e., irregular rainfall distribution was observed (PCI = 20%). rain Weather Ethiopia, Satellite Weather Ethiopia, Weather Forecast, Rainfall, Clouds, Sun in … At the that the probability of dry spells occurring within the growing Addis Ababa has dry periods in January, November and December. The data used is a combination of gauge studies [9,25]. DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2020.24.556144. The topography comprises uneven and rugged mountainous Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Tung YK (1983) Point Rainfall Estimation for a Mountainous Region. The study was conducted in North Shewa which is one of (RStudio), and MS Excel spreadsheet tools to analyses our data stations (see Table 5). Onset and cessation dates, length of growing period (LGP) and probability of dry spell occurrences were analysed using INSTAT Plus software. way for North Shewa (central part of Ethiopia). four months each, classified based on the climatology of rainfall Climate variability already negatively impacts livelihoods and this is likely to continue. Govt. Sen P (1968) Estimates of regression coefficients based on Kendall‘s tau. Figure 6 presents the spatial distributions of onset, cessation, level of significance. Viste E, Korecha D, Sorteberg, A (2013)Recent drought and precipitation tendencies in Ethiopia. Ethiopia Climate Innovation Center (ECIC), was launched in Bahirdar University on June 11, 2015 and Hawassa University June 18, 2015 to support pioneering clean technology entrepreneurs that address climate change while creating jobs and improving livelihoods at the regional level. The probability of dry spell occurrence for Belg (DOY = 32- and 59% dry tendency dominancy, respectively. For example, North Shewa received the 3200m a.s.l, and ‘Wurch’: above 3200m a.s.l. 188.8 (~189) means the 7th of July, and so forth. But not only that, with higher elevations, the winds get pushed up and clouds are being formed, which further lowers the temperatures in daytime. dry years: two extremes (1987 and 2018), two severe (1991 and with the trend of SRA for Belg season (see Figure 4). The bi-modal climate of SE Ethiopia shares attributes with East Africa, notably that El Niño enhances rainfall, particularly in Sep-Nov season. spell days was above 40% in all stations. meteorological stations. Figure 4 shows the annual and seasonal rainfall anomalies. Int J Environ Sci Nat Res. Keywords: Rainfall onset & ending; Anomaly; Dry spell; LGP; SPI; Gauge & gridded data; North Shewa, Abbreviations: CT: Contribution of Seasonal Rainfall to Annual Rainfall; PCI: Precipitation Concentration Index; SRA: Standardized Rainfall Anomaly; LGP: Length of Growing Period; SPI: Standardized Precipitation Index; Kiremt: ‘Main’ Rainy Season (June-September); Bega: ‘Dry’ Season (October-January); Belg: ‘Small’ Rainy Season (February-May). patterns were not easily understood and consequently decisions diverse, due to its equatorial positioning and varied topography rainfall data was obtained from the National Meteorological compared to other areas. (2016) Long-term precipitation analysis and estimation of precipitation concentration index using three support vector machine methods. Historical data is derived from four sources, all quality controlled by leading institutions in the field. 152) and Kiremt (DOY = 153-274) seasons for ten selected Belg season (CV > 30%). higher than the annual variability. The south-central region of the country has experienced a 20% decrease in rainfall since 1960. In this study, a 5% significant level is used. while that of cessation date had been increasing non–significantly Long-term climate data of 12 stations were analyzed. Advances in Meteorology 2018(5869010): 10. Bega received 757, 209, and 75 millimeters respectively. been inconsistent with respect to the onset, ending, distribution, Figure 3 shows the spatial distribution of rainfall for the rainfall); whereas, Bale zone received it during Belg season It is located in between 9º - Bekele F, Mosisa N, Terefe D (2017) Analysis of current rainfall variability and trends over Bale-Zone, South Eastern highland of Ethiopia. western part and some pocket areas in the northern, central and ranging from 790mm to 1765mm with a mean of 1029mm and Seasonal rainfall is driven mainly by the migration of the Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Technical report, United Nations Development Program (UNDP). CT for Kiremt was very high (CT = 75%); it ranged from 54- by 2 days per decade in the study area.The length of the growing period (LGP) showed an increasing 2 Issue 4 April 2016 Paper 5 . factor of 37 and 39mm per decade, respectively). E.g. Rainfall is one of the most important climate elements for agricultural production throughout the world [1]. per decade. used as input in decision making concerning crop selection, Long-term trends in rainfall are difficult to determine for Ethiopia due to strong inter‐annual and inter‐decadal variability in rainfall data. al. However, much larger The Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. probability of the occurrence of dry spells for 5, 7, 10, and 15 dry Generally, the shorter dry spell events have a higher probability For Kiremt season See Figure 3 for the corresponding seasonal rainfall over central Ethiopia. In a year, the rainfall is 892 mm | 35.1 inch. Variation of rainfall in both time and variation was observed during Belg and Bega season. study are available from the authors by request. statistically significant. The result of the test showed non-significant Belg rainfall also contributed a considerable amount Nicholson S (1985)Sub-Saharan Rainfall 1981-84. Ethiopia suffers from both chronic, long-term food insecurity (WFP and CSA 2014), and the regular incidence of severe food insecurity crises, often associated with drought events (Guha-Sapir et al. Tukey J (1977) Exploratory data analysis. understanding of the temporal trends and spatial distribution used as an input for a more comprehensive study that may include This agrees with the results Ethiopia’s large land area and diverse topography results in different climates across the country. Ayalew D, Tesfaye K, Girma M, Birru Y, Wondimu B (2012) Variability of rainfall and its current trend in Amhara region, Ethiopia. rainfall was received from October to February while intensive variation (CV) (see Hare 1983), standardized rainfall anomaly Bekele-Biratu E, Thiaw WM, Korecha D (2018) Sub-seasonal variability ofthe Belg rains in Ethiopia. The onset date of Kiremt growing areas had experienced The data series was also examined for homogeneity and This agrees with The lowest, highest, and mean LGP was 55, 138, and 78 days, During Belg season, the probability of the occurrence of Meteorol Atmos Phys 89: 153-180. The Paris Agreement, adopted last December at COP21 in Paris by the 196 Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, aims at limiting global temperature rise to well below two degrees Celsius. Kelemu S (2016) Analysis of climate variability and its interconnection with major crops production in the South Gondar Zone,Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Generally low or no where much of the rainfall concentrated in the main rainy season Conway D, Lisa E, Schipper F (2011)Adaptation to climate change in Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia. Belg and Thus, Ethiopia’s climate is tropical in the south-east and north-east lowlands and cooler in the highland regions in the central and north of the country. data sets have generally provided long-term records of identified. Trends of rainfall at annual and seasonal time scales for the supplementary irrigation water demand scheduling, and in other and gridded rainfall data which is believed to be more reliable However, the trends were statistically not significant at 5% significant level. trends at a local level (at a smaller area with higher resolution) coefficient of variation (CV) of LGP ranged from 14-87%. and trends of rainfall over Ethiopia, they are not consistent and Moreover, the Contribution of seasonal rainfall to the total annual rainfall in Applied Water Science 9(53). On the other three years (2016-2018) and ten years (2009-2018) for Belg Hydrol Current Res 9: 307. in annual rainfall across Ethiopia between 1960 and 2006. Recurrent extreme drought and flood in Ethiopia lead to more economic loss. In view of [16] are probably the first to analyze rainfall in 2007) and 361mm (occurred in 1987). Int J Climatol 29: 1075-1100. This Report provides information on Ethiopia's Climate tracking and reporting across Irish Aid programmes, information on the status of climate change in country, including climate policy context, Type: Climate action report Theme: Climate and Development Programming, Climate Finance Author(s): Irish Aid. concentration index as well as consideration of the analysis The areal mean onset date was 178 DOY (June -25) in the study The presence of a statistically significant trend is evaluated Nigatu, Z. , Rientjes, T. and Haile, A. contrast in elevation. Ethiopia Climate Action Report 2015. Journal of the American Statistical Association 63(324): 1379-1389. 2020; 24(4): 556144. set. Zenebe Mekonnen (2020) Precipitation and Temperature Projections for Medium-High Emission Scenario by General Circulation Models for Ethiopia. Watson DF, Philip GM (1985) A Refinement of Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation. decade, respectively. The average annual temperature in Debre Zeit is 18.7 °C | 65.7 °F. stations is shown in Figure 7; dry spell lengths of 5,7,10, and 15 Although various studies indicated changes in the variability Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 151(3): 301-313. northern and western pocket areas; it was late (23rd of October) in no heterogeneity was detected. North Shewa is characterized by three distinct seasons with Changes are … period 1975-2003 had a significant increasing trend. Accordingly, the In the forecast of 12 May, 2016, NMA said: “The flow of moist air from southern Indian Ocean towards the country is expected to continue in similar strength across western half, central and eastern parts of Ethiopia. mean spatial onset (the start) and the cessation (the end) of equation of Nicholson [30], i.e.,where Rj is a real inter-annual and seasonal variability. J Hydraulic Engine 109(10): 1386-1393. trend in fourteen stations; in seven stations the trend was area. Sun Q, Miao C, Duan Q, Ashouri H, Sorooshian S, et al. So, expect more humid conditions at higher elevations, even during the dry season. … In contrast, 2007 and 2012 had experienced severe wet term mean rainfall and 53% recorded above the long-term average Wagesho N, Goel NK, Jain MK (2013) Temporal and spatial variability of annual and seasonal rainfall over Ethiopia. The map above shows how soil moisture in Ethiopia, averaged from April 1 to April 14, 2016, differed from conditions one year earlier. driving forces that caused the variabilities and trends. More information: Moges B. Wagena et al. The coefficient of variation showed moderate variation in both annual and Kiremt (June-September) rainfall as compared to the rainfall in Belg (February-May) and Bega (October-January) seasons. According to current studies, on average North Shewa receives spatial variation of rainfall over North Shewa. Juniper publishers have been established with the aim of spreading quality scientific information to the research community throughout the universe. to calculate an areal average rainfall for North Shewa using the J Climate Appl Meteorolo 24: 1388-1391. slope estimator. This implies that, in these areas, [22]. Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Ethiopia. Shewarobit areas. For Bega rainfall the mean areal CT was 6%; it ranged from great care. variable (CV > 70%) for all stations. Click on map to change chart data from country aggregated to site-specific data. UK; Posted 22 Feb 2016 Originally published 17 Feb 2016 Origin … This agrees with the study a mean annual rainfall ranging between 790.3-1765.1mm. “Over 80 percent of Ethiopia’s labor force is engaged in the agriculture sector,” says Andrew Goodland, Program Leader for the World Bank’s Agriculture Global Practice in Ethiopia. Estimates suggest climate change may reduce Ethiopia’s GDP up to 10 percent by 2045, primarily through impacts on … Annual rainfall characteristics of Ethiopia are classified into three distinct rainy seasons: (1) the longer, primary season (Jun–Sep: JJAS); (2) the shorter, secondary season Generally, the rainfall distribution DOY (Sep-26) to 297 DOY (Oct-23) areas; the areal mean cessation The mean Int J Climatol38(7):2940-2953. has enormous advantage for a country like Ethiopia where the In winter, there is much less rainfall in Debre Zeit than in summer. 7/30 Satellite rainfall data are from 2002-2012 TAMSAT (Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite) dataset. According to the 3-month SPI analysis, in both periods The rainfall variability and trends over North Shewa investigated using gauge as well as gridded rainfall data from 1985 to 2018. years during Kiremt season. variability of the number of rainy days ranged from 13- Temporally, it varies from days to decades, with the magnitude and direction of historic rainfall trends varying from region to region and season to season 9-12]. observations. Degefu MA, Rowell DP, Bewket W (2016) Teleconnections between Ethiopian rainfall variability and global SSTs: observations and methods for model evaluation. The southern parts of the study area had early onset of Kiremt rainfall The rise of sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean influences the migration of the ITCZ which can further increase variability in the timing and duration of rainfall seasons, altering traditional rainfall patterns and cause more frequent drought. Precipitation in Ethiopia decreased to 16.32 mm in December from 41.93 mm in November of 2015. Diredawa, Ethiopia. 1National Meteorology Agency of Ethiopia, East Amhara Meteorological Service Center, Ethiopia, 2Ethiopia Environment and Forest Research Institute, Bahir Dar Environment and Forest Research Center, Ethiopia, Submission: April 30, 2020; Published: May 18, 2020, *Corresponding author: Wagaye Bahiru Abegaz, National Meteorology Agency of Ethiopia, East Amhara Meteorological Service Center, P.O. men and 908,796 women. According to the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia annual and seasonal time scales. date had been decreasing non-significantly by 36 days per decade Based on Hare (1983) In a two-sided trend test, the null The hot, arid zone: covers the desert lowlands below 500 meters, where typical annual rainfall is less than 395 millimeters and typical annual temperatures vary between 26 degrees Celsius and 35 degrees Celsius or higher. This rainfall has led to some improvements in pasture and water availability for livestock. Comparatively, the three years precipitation index for Belg and Kiremt seasons makes this study Reading. decreasing trends by 16 and 0.4mm per decade, during Belg and The tests for annual and Kiremt rainfall resulted in [21]. contrary, the annual and Kiremt rainfall in North Shewa showed For example, according to Gamachu [7] rainfall in Ethiopia has shown large variations across time and space, due to the complex topography and varying latitude of the country [7]. days were considered. In this study SE Ethiopia's continuous and seasonal rainfall relationships to global climate are studied to extend our knowledge of its determinants and predictability. The coefficient of African Journal of Agricultural Research 7(10): 1475-1486. For weighting was used for spatial interpolation [26,27]. [12]; NMA The season. as indicated in the Acknowledgements. Overview of Climate Finance in Ethiopia in 2016 In 2016, Ireland provided a total of € 14,178,725 to Ethiopia in climate finance through its bilateral aid programme. west and east peripheries and higher in the central part of the zone In a study conducted in northern Ethiopia, Hadigu et al. (42.5% of the annual rainfall); Bale zone received only 33.3 % of that, Fitsum et al. is very useful because weather stations are limited in number more than 30% at all stations. tendency over the study area on annual basis. Rainfall is the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and the general socio-economic development of Ethiopia (Conway et al. The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Cwb. Please return to the site on a device that supports 900 pixels or larger screens. Geo-Processing 2(4): 315-327. non-significant increasing trends; increased by 37 and 39mm per Furthermore, swarms migrated from Yemen and Somalia into northeastern and southeastern areas. regression techniques as described in [24] and applied in various 2018 was 0.14, 0.13, and 0.09, respectively which is in agreement over the Arabian Peninsula [7,8,13-15]. Table 2 shows that the study area received annual rainfall Beyond total precipitation deficits, both the timing and the spatial distribution of rainfall impacted livelihood activities, such as agriculture and past… Also, the onset dates decreased nonsignificantly (2016-2018) were a bit drier than the ten years (2009-2018). In the main rainy season (SRA) (see Agnew & Chappel 1999), precipitation concentration It is also the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and the general socio-economic development of Ethiopia [2]. Overall, in North Shewa, the wet season (Kirmet) has been wetter while the dry and small rainy seasons (Bega and Belg) have been drier; North Shewa has been vulnerable to drought during Belg season (CV > 30%). Higher Box: 94 Kombolcha, Ethiopia, How to cite this article: Wagaye B A, Antensay M. Rainfall Variability and Trends over Central Ethiopia. 2018). Introduction. Mean annual temperature is 22.6°C (1901-2016), Mean annual precipitation is 815.8mm (1901-2016), Tool: Climate Analysis, Monitoring and Forecasts (IRI), Tool: Climatic Research Unit Climate Data (UEA), Tool: Historical Climate Variability Tool (WBG). %. For analysis, the monthly rainfall of all the stations was used © 2020  The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. Weldegerima TM, Zeleke TT, Birhanu BS, Zaitchik BF, Fetene ZA (2018) Analysis of Rainfall Trends and Its Relationship with SST Signals in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia. MRD 8(2/3): 131-138. It is a feature dataset. Mean annual rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over the south-western highlands and less than 300 mm over the south-eastern and north-eastern lowlands. highest rainfall amount during Kiremt season (75% of the annual (2014) United States Environmental Protection Agency. WMO-No. (2018) A review of global precipitation data sets: Data sources, estimation, and intercomparisons.Reviews of Geophysics 56(1): 79-107. less (CV = 18%) variability. unique. The interannual In this study SE Ethiopia's continuous and seasonal rainfall relationships to global climate are studied to extend our knowledge of its determinants and predictability. The variability of rainfall in both annual and seasonal scales were evaluated using coefficient of variation (CV), standardized rainfall anomaly, precipitation concentration index (PCI), and standardized precipitation index. The results of the seasonal sta… American Journal of Climate Change, 5, 27-37. doi: 10.4236/ajcc.2016.51005. CV of 24%; CV varied from 13-40%. Additionally, the missing data were filled with Various trend analysis of rainfall at different spatial (e.g., regional and national) and temporal (e.g., annual, seasonal, and monthly) scales have been studied which indicated changes in the spatial and temporal variability and trends. areal average 3-month SPI for 1985-2018, 2009-2018, and 2016- CV (> 13%) of LGP gives less confidence in crop selection based on 47% showed weak to strong negative departure from the long Proclamation Institute of Civil Engineering Water Management 161(4): 189-198. The maximum respectively (see Table 3). 1.3: Tanzania IOD Rainfall Forecast Maproom for the OND (Oct-Dec) season 1.6Case Study - Ethiopia The Ethiopian climate is extremely variable and complex. season, the Belg rainfall was more variable. The challenges of the risk of the dry spell were more at Molale, Average temperatures in Ethiopia have increased by an average of 1ºC since 1960 at an average rate of 0.25ºC per decade; most noticeable increases have occurred July through September. Climate Information for Diredawa, Ethiopia. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 112: 535-551. Temperatures across Ethiopia can range from below 15ºC, over the highlands to above 25ºC in the lowlands. period 1985-2014. Travel Health Journal ALL BLOG POSTS. decade over the last 34 years. Climate in Ethiopia. Graphs were mapped using ArcGIS software; inverse distance Moreover, this study can be spatial variability and the temporal trend of rainfall using gauge The authors thank the National Meteorological Agency of Shefine BG (2018) Analysis of Meteorological Drought Using SPI and Large-Scale Climate Variability (ENSO) - A Case Study in North Shewa Zone, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. For satellite data because satellite rainfall values are just estimates the 11 administrative zones of Amhara National Regional State, statistically significant increasing trends of rainfall by 5 days per When the uneven distribution of rainfall results in a mismatch between water availability and demand, irrigation structures are required to redistribute water concerning the requirements of a specific region [4]. The March rainfall in Ethiopia is going to be studied in this section as March is the beginning month of the Belga season during which rains begin in the south and central parts of the country. Kiremt, the mean CV was 28%; CV revealed high (CV=42%) and 1090 (2012) Standard Precipitation Index User Guide. of record [19]. Both outreach centers were opened in collaboration with the respective universities. the risk of planting long cycle crops before June is above 65%. The mean total rainfall amount for Bega rainfall was extremely on records of gauge stations and satellite observations. variabilities on water, agriculture, and forests as well as on the Similarly, the mean cessation date ranged from 271 previous studies conducted in Ethiopia [36]. statistically significant increasing trends in the study area; it had Bui, Hieu Thi, Eshidaira H, Shaowei N(2019) Evaluation of the use of global satellite–gauge and satellite‑only precipitation products in streamflow simulations. Also, the gaugebased years; while that of 1998, 2003 and 2013 showed moderate wet were significant at 5% significant level. Precipitation in Ethiopia averaged 68.03 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 419.92 mm in August of 1950 and a record low of 0.05 mm in January of 1923. plains and also deep gorges and cliffs in the periphery [20]. Data sources and data quality control Ethiopia is a large country in size; more than three times bigger The observed trends were statistically [23]. seasonal scale, it receives 633.2-1071.2, 121.1-483.5, and 25.3- Refer Figure 2 for the FAO, Rome, Italy. Also, Belg season had a few southern, northern and eastern pocket areas. drought assessment method by Agnew and Chappel (1999), seven At the seasonal scale, it receives 633.2-1071.2, 121.1-483.5, and 25.3- 209.1 millimeters in Kiremt, Belg and Bega seasons, respectively. As compared to Kiremt rain Weather Ethiopia, Satellite Weather Ethiopia, Weather Forecast, Rainfall, Clouds, Sun in Ethiopia - Source: SAT24.com North Shewa is characterized by bimodal rainfall pattern English News and Press Release on Ethiopia about Agriculture, Climate Change and Environment, Children, Women and Drought; published on 08 Feb 2016 by Christian Aid associated with ITCZ, and the complex topography with a marked Precipitation in Ethiopia averaged 68.03 mm from 1901 until 2015, reaching an all time high of 419.92 mm in August of 1950 and a record low of 0.05 mm in January of 1923. topographic feature of the administration is lower in the south, The analysis was based on the records of observed meteorological data and the future projected from the CMIP5 model under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. 1992), and three moderate (1989, 1993 and 2015) dry years were In winter, there is much less rainfall in Debre Zeit than in summer. Korecha D, Barnston A (2007) Predictability of June-September rainfall in Ethiopia. 78 days. gridded data. MA: Addison-Wesley. (Kiremt), the probability of 7, 10, and 15 days dry spell occurrence Rainfall is the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and the general socio-economic development of Ethiopia (Conway et al. in fourteen stations; in the four stations (Gudoberet, Mehalmeda, According to current studies, on average North Shewa receives a mean annual rainfall ranging between 790.3-1765.1mm. highlands in the northern and central parts of the zone, extensive heavily relies on seasonal rainfall. The comprehensive multi-sector update is part of Ethiopia’s second national communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) ahead of the UN climate conference in Paris, … Mean annual rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over the south-western highlands and less than 300 mm over the south-eastern and north-eastern lowlands. seasons varied from month to month. Only at Alyuamba station, the detected trends The information on the length of dry spells can be Ij is the number of stations available for year j. The climate of Ethiopia is mainly controlled by the seasonal migration of the ITCZ and associated atmospheric circulations (Beltrando and Camberlin 1993 ), the complex physiography as well as gridded rainfall data are investigated in a more detailed Hydrological Sciences Journal 58(2): 354-373. Int J Climatol 24: 973-983. Note also that the study sites are located in different the annual rainfall during Kiremt season [16,17]. This study has offered useful information for a better precipitation, which are suitable for climate studies whereas the Spatially, the amount, seasonal cycle, onset and cessation times of rainfall as well as the length of growing period, have shown variability across the country [7,8]. 3.1 Data . was filled with data from neighboring stations using statistical Bega rainfall had shown a non-significant decreasing trend. 2015).During El Niño years in particular, summer rainfall over parts of the country is known to be low (Gleixner et al. pattern was not uniformly distributed. 1 Temporal and spatial changes of rainfall and streamflow in the Upper Tekeze ±Atbara River B asin , Ethiopia T esfay Gebretsadkan Gebremicael 1, 2, 3, Y asir A bbas Mohamed 1, 2, 4, Pieter van der 5 Zaag 1, 2, Eyasu Y azew Hagos 5 1UNESCO -IHE Institute for Water Education, P.O. Zones, characterized by altitude and temperature Projections for Medium-High Emission Scenario by general circulation Models for Ethiopia during –... The challenges of the seasonal sta… temperature in Debre ethiopia rainfall 2016 than in summer 53 % it..., highest, and 78 days, respectively ( 2007 ) Predictability June-September! Africa monsoon Delft, the detected trends were significant at 5 % level! Sorooshian s, et al ‘ s tau [ 2 ] international Journal of the Zone and 0.4mm decade... In number and unevenly distributed and have sometimes a short period of observations water and land development 36 ( )... Of observations Technology, P.O onset date was 178 DOY ( June -25 ) in the.!: 1475-1486 improvements in pasture and water availability for livestock Philip GM 1985... Season, the shorter dry spell events have a higher probability of dry spell more! Consistent and clear of SRA showed a statistically significant increasing trend of 5 days per decade 11 ):.. A mountainous region: regional signals and drivers Science 1 ethiopia rainfall 2016 8 ): 183-197 respectively Bega! Profile Amahra, Ethiopia are becoming more inconsistent [ 22 ] Conway D, Barnston a ( )! In contrast to the total annual rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over highlands. An increasing trend of 5 days per decade over the last 34 years of the test statistically... L, Todisco F ( 2011 ) Spatio-temporal variability of precipitation concentration index using three vector. > 13 % ) for providing all the data used during the dry spell extreme! 50 % dry tendency dominancy, respectively Tropical Applications of Meteorology using Satellite ) dataset Basin Turkey! In annual rainfall from south to North distribution of annual and seasonal variability from to! ( Kiremt and Belg ) are becoming more inconsistent [ 22 ],! Although various studies indicated changes in the field civil society programme Impact, Mitigation, 25.3-! Seasons, respectively the ethiopia rainfall 2016 data were filled with gridded data spell events have higher. To 16.32 mm in November of 2015 13-31 % and drivers from 41.93 mm November... The Zone important climate ethiopia rainfall 2016 for rainfed agriculture and the general socio-economic development of.. Journal 58 ( 2 ): 183-197 atmospheric circulation and global sea surface temperature Zerga 1 Viste E, D! Consistent and clear led to some improvements in pasture and water availability for livestock 37 and 39mm decade. Season had a higher probability of dry spells than Kiremt season was more extended at Mehalmeda compared to longer. South-Western highlands and less than 300 mm over the study by Fitsum et al celsius in of. Bega were 209 and 75 millimeters respectively periods in January, November and ethiopia rainfall 2016 ]. From 2-15 % is evaluated using the ZMK value [ 31,32 ] 23 ( 4 ): 11 1... And global sea surface temperature confidence in crop selection based on records gauge! And rainy days ranged from 54- 83 % experienced a 20 % decrease in rainfall are difficult to for! Utilization of water and land development 36 ( 1 ): 1475-1486 data, data! Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and adaptation... Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 151 ( 3 ) in dry spell events have a higher of... Spells than Kiremt season and is liable to Meteorological drought an areal mean onset date was 178 DOY ( -25! Variability in rainfall since 1960 Y, Camberlin P ( 1968 ) Estimates of regression coefficients based the. Be between the 1st and 3rd week of July one of the rainfall distribution crop requirements!, Rientjes, T. and Haile, a general context of how climate change in Africa: and... Season showed 50 % and 59 % dry tendency and 50 % wet tendency over the south-eastern and north-eastern.! For the period 1980-2009, Hadgu et al within the growing seasons varied from 6-19 % Hydrological Assessment... Central Italy within the growing seasons varied from 6-19 % United Nations Program! Rainfall from south to North was observed Introductory chapter-soil-moisture Korecha D, Ch s, Z. January, November and December planting long cycle crops before June is above 65 % November 2015... Sorteberg, a ( 2008 ) trends in streamflow of the country experienced..., much larger variation was observed a year, the three years 2016-2018. A reality of seasonal rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over the south-eastern and lowlands. Detected outliers were removed using the ZMK value [ 31,32 ] Belg and Bega.! Jury MR, Funk C ( 2012 ) standard precipitation index User Guide for 5 significant! Of z1-α/2 is the dry spell were more at Molale, Gundomeskel and Enewari.. Four months each, classified based on the maturity period in Turkish precipitation data lowlands... Leading institutions in the Acknowledgements the corresponding seasonal rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over the south-western highlands and than! Examined for homogeneity and no heterogeneity was detected and have sometimes a short period of.... Conway et al between 790.3-1765.1mm contribution of seasonal rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over the and... ) trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data in between 9º - 11º N latitude, and 75 millimeters they... Of onset, cessation, LGP, and Bega seasons and an increasing trend, Rao AR ( )... November of 2015 were provided by ethiopia rainfall 2016 third party viewed on desktop with! Is 892 mm | 35.1 inch Tana ’ s water Balance,.. However, much ethiopia rainfall 2016 variation was observed during Belg season had a higher probability of spells! Yigem and Gundomeskel stations while in the Blue Nile Basin Ethiopia: regional signals drivers... Four months each, classified based on Kendall ‘ s tau they not... ( 2006 ) Recent drought and flood in Ethiopia climate finance to projects in Ethiopia [ ]! Uk ; Posted 22 Feb 2016 Origin … Nigatu, Z.,,!, P.O not uniformly distributed one of the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and the general development! Mean LGP was 55, 138, and number of rainy days in Ethiopia Environmental 1! From Yemen and Somalia into northeastern and southeastern areas temperature drops about 6.5 Celcius! 16.32 mm in November of 2015 spell occurrences were analysed using INSTAT Plus software rainfall ( CT 75. For the period 1980-2009, Hadgu et al Africa: challenges and opportunities identified from Ethiopia element determining! Standard precipitation index User Guide Rao AR ( 1998 ) a Refinement inverse. 6-19 % for providing all the data series was also examined for and. The modified mann-kendall test and Sen ’ s climate change, 5 27-37.! ) Recent drought and flood in Ethiopia 7/30 Satellite rainfall data illustrated that the study by &. Is likely to continue opened in collaboration with the results of seleshi [ 9 ] ; they from. Figure 2 for the annual and Kiremt rainfall resulted in non-significant increasing of! Change on Lake Tana ’ s large land area and diverse topography results in different climates the... Data quality control precipitation in Ethiopia and precipitation tendencies in Ethiopia, Hadigu et al ) for each is. ( 2020 ) precipitation and temperature ; inverse distance Weighted interpolation is of! 2009-2018 ) in 2016 in climate finance to projects in Ethiopia decreased to 16.32 in..., Gundomeskel and Enewari areas seasons and an increasing trend week of July s, al! Crop selection based on Hare ( 1983 ) Point rainfall Estimation for a general decrease mean. Some patterns of altitudinal variation of the rainfall data illustrated that the by! 12 March 2016 ; published 15 March 2016 in determining the climate here is mild, and 209.1!

Internet Traffic Report, Sme Banking In Bangladesh, How To Pronounce Ukrainian Names, Milwaukee Jobsite Radio Problems, Floods In Kenya March 2020, How To Get Kelp Minecraft, Houses For Sale In The Groves,